Indian scientists have performed an in depth evaluate of all direct photo voltaic warmth pump expertise in an effort to broaden its residential adoption. Such a system can produce sizzling water from 15 C to 60 C with a median coefficient of efficiency of 1.5 to 4.5.
A gaggle of researchers from MIT World Peace University in India performed an in depth evaluate of all direct enlargement photo voltaic warmth pump (DX-SHP) applied sciences for residence heating purposes reminiscent of water heating, drying photo voltaic, house heating, and industrial course of heating.
These techniques are reported to provide sizzling water from 15 C to 60 C at a median coefficient of efficiency (COP) of 1.5 to 4.5 and carry out finest underneath freezing circumstances.
“This paper presents fashions for analyzing the vitality and exergy efficiency of the elements of a DX-SHP system,” the teachers emphasised. “Research reveals that for the best efficiency of the photo voltaic warmth pump, photo voltaic radiation from 350 W/m2 to 700 W/m2wind pace from 0.5 m/s to 2.5 m/s, and the ambient temperature from 5 C to 35 C.”
It often consists of a photo voltaic collector-evaporator, a compressor, a condenser, and an enlargement valve that operates inside a warmth pump cycle. The photo voltaic collector, which may be based mostly on a photo voltaic thermal unit alone or on a photovoltaic-thermal (PVT) panel, is outlined by the analysis group because the important element of the system, because it immediately expands the refrigerant and collects warmth from each. photo voltaic and ambient air, with the latter predominating on cloudy days.
“The photo voltaic collector-evaporator is immediately uncovered to photo voltaic radiation,” it defined. “The refrigerant flowing by the pipes absorbs warmth vitality from the photo voltaic thermal conversion and ambient air. The refrigerant then pumps the warmth from the evaporator to the condenser by the compressor.”
In all system configurations, waste warmth vitality, direct heating, or heated waste water are used as warmth vitality inputs to the evaporator, which is crucial for capturing photo voltaic thermal vitality and sending it of refrigerant.
The researchers emphasised that finned tube collector-evaporators must be the popular choice, as a result of they work nicely in all climate circumstances, that their use will not be affected by temperature or mode of operation. “As the temperature and photo voltaic radiation enhance, the COP will increase, and the heating time decreases,” they added. “Increasing the frequency of the compressor reduces the heating time and vitality consumption whereas growing the warmth acquire of the evaporator.”
They additionally advocate the adoption of environmentally pleasant refrigerants reminiscent of R290, R600, R1234ze (E), R1270, and R1234yf, in addition to the usage of nanofluids to enhance the thermal and electrical efficiency of PVT collector-evaporators.
“Future analysis ought to discover utilizing warmth switch fluid in roll-bond and air supply evaporators as oblique enlargement warmth exchangers as an alternative of refrigerants,” they concluded. “This consists of evaluating efficiency, optimizing totally different fluids, and investigating system integration and sustainability for wider implementation.”
Their evaluate is introduced within the paper “Recent Advances in Solar Collector-Evaporator for Direct Solar Heat Pump Expansion,” printed in International Journal of Thermofluids.
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