The researchers simulated the operation of bifacial PV and proton trade membrane reversible gas cells in eating places in 5 completely different US states. Considering the completely different charges of bifacial PV within the rearside achieve, they discovered that the LCOE was lower than $0.029 per kWh.
An worldwide analysis crew simulated the coupling of bifacial PV panels with proton trade membrane (PEM) reversible gas cells (RFC) to energy business buildings.
The simulation was performed in 5 places within the United States: Tucson, Arizona; Los Angeles, California; Denver, Colorado; Dallas, Texas; and Minneapolis, Minnesota.
“One of essentially the most shocking outcomes of the analysis is the numerous price discount achieved by rising the bifacial PV achieve,” corresponding writer, Ahmad Mayyas, stated. pv journal. “This enchancment led to a discount within the levelized price of electrical energy (LCOE) by 16%, levelized price of hydrogen (LCOH) by 14%, and levelized price of storage (LCOS) by 13%. Another shocking perception is the adjustment of the system in a wide range of climates—from the dry circumstances of Tucson to the cooler surroundings of Minneapolis—exhibiting not solely vital enhancements in vitality yield but additionally outstanding price effectivity in varied geographic places.
The vitality demand knowledge for the places was obtained from the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) of the US Department of Energy, which assumes that full-service eating places have a mean hourly load demand of 20.33 kWh, 27.87 kWh, 116.98 kWh, 46.62 kWh, and 32.51 kWh in Dallas, Denver, Los Angeles, Minneapolis, and Tucson, respectively. Weather knowledge for these areas are obtained from the National Solar Radiation Database, which reveals that international horizontal irradiance (GHI) ranges from 1,400 kWh/kWp/12 months to 2,100 kWh/kWp/12 months.
The bifacial PV system is simulated below completely different rear achieve circumstances of 0%, 5%, 10%, and 20%. The system is meant to energy the constructing, whereas any extra vitality is used to provide hydrogen or offered to the grid when the hydrogen tank is full. When photo voltaic vitality is missing, reversible gas cells kick in, producing electrical energy to fulfill the restaurant’s load. When the hydrogen runs out, electrical energy is fed into the grid.
“The optimum sizes from the grid search optimization approach are decided by cautious consideration of things similar to grid affect, capital prices, and compliance with web metering ideas,” teachers defined. “The important objective of figuring out the optimum sizes is to attenuate the surplus export of vitality to the grid. Sizes larger than the utmost might result in pointless pressure on grid community and enhance capital prices.
According to the optimization, in Tucson, the PV system has a capability of 300 kW, 1,200 kW in Los Angeles, 350 kW in Denver, 300 kW in Dallas, and 900 kW in Minneapolis. The electrolyzer/gas cell sizes are 200/84.5 kW, 700/296.1 kW, 200/84.5 kW, 200/84.5 kW, and 400/169.2 kW, respectively. Inverter sizes are 100 kW in Tucson, 300 kW in Los Angeles, 100 kW in Dallas and Denver, and 200 kW in Minneapolis. The hydrogen tank sizes are 150 kg, 500 kg, 150 kg, and 250 kg, respectively.
“Increasing PV profitability has emerged as a strong lever for optimizing financial effectivity. In the Tucson space, with a excessive GHI, the LCOE from PV techniques is $0.034 per kWh for techniques of PV with no bifacial achieve,” the researchers say. “However, at 20% bifacial PV achieve, the LCOE drops to $0.029 per kWh. Similarly, in Minneapolis, which has the bottom GHI, the LCOE for normal PV techniques is $0.051 per kWh, which drops to $0.043 per kWh with bifacial achieve.
In addition, the researchers discovered that for LCOH, there was a discount of $0.6 per kg with elevated PV beneficial properties in all areas. “For LCOS, there’s a discount of $0.06 per kWh, and the full system LCOE reveals a discount of at the very least $0.02 per kWh in each area analyzed,” in addition they defined.
Their findings are introduced in “Harvesting vitality horizons: Bifacial PV and reversible gas cells mix for sustainable constructing options,” revealed in International Journal of Hydrogen Energy. Scientists from the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory within the United States, the US Army Corps of Engineers, and the Khalifa University of Science and Technology within the United Arab Emirates performed the analysis.
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