An Italian analysis group has developed a 110 cm² perovskite photo voltaic module with an inverted configuration and a gap transport layer that makes use of nickel oxide as a substitute of the generally used poly(triarylamine) (PTAA). The proposed structure goals to realize excessive effectivity to compete with PTAA-based panels whereas enhancing sturdiness.
Researchers on the University of Rome Tor Vergata in Italy have developed 15 cm x 15 cm inverted perovskite photo voltaic modules primarily based on a gap transport layer (HTL) manufactured from inorganic nickel oxide (NiOx).
“Our analysis stands for the optimization of the deposition of nickel oxide on a big space utilizing a blade coater, a scalable method that’s basic to lowering the know-how hole between primary analysis and commercialization,” the lead the writer of the analysis, Luigi Angelo Castriotta, stated. pv journal. “This method is optimized to be carried out in commonplace ambient circumstances with 25% common humidity, eliminating the necessity for managed environments resembling nitrogen, which are sometimes utilized in conventional manufacturing strategies. “
In inverted perovskite photo voltaic cells and modules, the perovskite cell materials is deposited onto the HTL after which coated with an electron transport layer (ETL) – the alternative method to traditional machine structure. Inverted perovskite photo voltaic gadgets usually present sturdy stability, however lag behind typical gadgets when it comes to conversion and cell efficiency.
The scientists defined that inverted perovskite cells sometimes use HTL primarily based on poly(triarylamine) (PTAA), which they are saying is thought for its excessive efficiency in printable gadgets. Their selection for NiOx is because of the improved long-term stability that this materials presents, greater than the identical degree of effectivity in comparison with PTAA. “Against PTAA, NiOx It is doubtlessly cost-effective due to its inorganic nature, is extremely photostable, chemically secure, has wonderful optical transmittance, and has a hydrophilic nature,” they defined.
They additionally warning, nonetheless, that combining NiOx HTL underneath ambient circumstances utilizing printable strategies leads to decrease effectivity in comparison with PTAA-based gadgets. To remedy this problem, they determined to print NiOx over the cell, with none spin coating step, by so-called physician blading, a way generally used to type movies with a well-defined thickness.
“We do physician blading with nickel(II) chloride (NiCl2·6H2O) answer of indium tin oxide (ITO) substrates ambient circumstances,” defined the group. “Then, the movies are annealed at 300 C to advertise decomposition and oxidation, utilizing atmospheric oxygen to type NiO.x film.”
The photo voltaic panel is constructed utilizing an ITO substrate, the NiOx HTL, a self-assembled monolayer (SAM) manufactured from [2-(3,6-Dimethoxy-9H-carbazol-9-yl)ethyl]phosphonic acid (MeO-2PACz), a perovskite absorber, an ETL primarily based on buckminsterfullerene (C60), a bathocuproine (BCP) buffer layer, and a copper (Cu) steel contact.
Image: Image: University of Rome Tor Vergata, communication supplies, Common License CC BY 4.0
The first 4 layers are made by physician blading in ambient circumstances, whereas the remainder are assembled by thermal evaporation.
“We discovered that introducing a SAM between nickel oxide and perovskite improves the morphology and uniformity of the perovskite movie, lowering defects resembling pinholes and rising machine stability over time,” defined Castriotta . “
Tested underneath commonplace lighting circumstances, the 110 cm² perovskite panel achieved an influence conversion effectivity of 12.6%, a short-circuit present density of 19.67 mA/cm2, and a fill issue of 63.49 %. The machine was additionally in a position to preserve 84% of its preliminary effectivity after 1000 hours of thermal stress testing at 85 C in air.
“These outcomes spotlight the potential of NiOx of PSCs and open new avenues for large-scale, cost-effective manufacturing of perovskite photo voltaic modules,” the teachers acknowledged. “Future analysis ought to deal with additional optimizing the manufacturing course of and exploring the industrial feasibility of those applied sciences.”
The novel method is introduced within the research “Stable and sustainable perovskite photo voltaic modules by optimizing blade coating nickel oxide deposition in a 15 cm × 15 cm space,” revealed in communication supplies.
“Our analysis not solely addresses one of many principal obstacles to the commercialization of perovskite photo voltaic cells, which is the scalability of the manufacturing course of, however it’s achieved in a sustainable approach that avoids the usage of poisonous solvents and complicated manufacturing environments,” stated Castriotta. “The result’s a promising know-how that may facilitate the adoption of perovskite photo voltaic cells on an industrial scale, whereas sustaining excessive effectivity and long-term stability.
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